I · The basics · Topic 1

Who charges what on every card

14 min

The previous course kept pointing here. Your POS decides how the order is organized; this decides how much of the money survives the trip to your bank. Most owners know their rent to the dollar and their processing rate not at all, and processing is often the third or fourth largest line in the business.

💳 Four parties touch every card sale

A card payment looks instant. Underneath, four organizations each take a piece, and only one of them is talking to you:

WhoWhat they doWhat they takeCan you negotiate it?
The customer's bank (issuer)Lends the money, carries the risk, pays the rewards pointsInterchange — the largest piece by farNo. Nobody can
The card networkRuns the rails, sets the rules and the interchange tableAssessments — a small fixed sliceNo
Your processorConnects you to all of it, deposits your moneyTheir markup, plus monthly and per-item feesYes. This is the only one
The gatewayCarries online and phone transactionsA small per-transaction feeSometimes, or it is bundled

Read the last column again, because it is the whole strategy. When a salesperson offers you "a better rate", they can only move their own slice. Everything else is the same for them as it is for everyone.

🧮 Your effective rate, and how to get it

Forget the rate you were quoted. There is one number that matters and it takes two minutes:

  1. Take one month's statement.
  2. Add every fee on it — percentages, per-item charges, monthly charges, the ones with names you do not recognize.
  3. Divide by your total card sales that month.

That percentage is your effective rate. For a small restaurant taking cards in person it typically lands somewhere in the 2.3% to 3.0% range; online and phone orders run higher, which is topic 4. If yours is above that and your average ticket is normal, there is money to find — and topic 2 is where you go find it.

Do it for three months, not one. A single month can be distorted by an annual fee or a quiet month of sales.

🃏 Why the same rate is not the same rate

Two restaurants with identical contracts can pay different effective rates, because interchange depends on what gets used and how:

  • Debit is cheaper than credit, often dramatically. In the United States, debit interchange from large issuers is capped by regulation, which is why a debit-heavy neighborhood costs you less to serve.
  • Rewards and business credit cards cost the most. Someone else's airline miles are funded by the interchange on that card. There is nothing you can do about it and it is useful to know why your rate drifts.
  • Card present beats card not present. A chip inserted or a phone tapped at your counter is the cheapest way to be paid. Typing a number in is the most expensive.
  • Your average ticket matters when there is a per-transaction fee. A fixed 10 or 15 cents is invisible on a $90 dinner check and brutal on a $4 coffee.
  • Amex is often separate, and historically priced above the rest. Check whether it is on your main statement or its own.

None of this is negotiable, and all of it explains the gap between the number on the sales sheet and the number in your bank account.

🧭 What this course covers

Choosing a processor and reading the contract before signing it (topic 2), taking payment in the room — chips, taps, tips and when the money actually arrives (topic 3), taking payment when the card is not in front of you (topic 4), what PCI and payment security genuinely require of you (topic 5), and what to do when a customer disputes a meal you already served (topic 6).

If you only do one thing from this course, do the effective rate calculation above. Everything else is easier once you know what you are actually paying.

Answer in your own words, JP gives feedback and a progress score.