II · Food handling · Topic 4

Food Preparation

12 min

🌡️ Safe Cooking Temperatures

Cooking to the correct internal temperature is what kills harmful bacteria. Hot-holding temperature is at least 140 °F. How to measure:

  1. Select the correct type of food thermometer for the food you are cooking.
  2. Insert the thermometer into the thickest part of the food, away from bone, fat, or gristle.
  3. Check the temperature against the safe temperatures guide.
  4. If necessary, continue cooking until the safe temperature is reached.
  5. Clean and sanitize the thermometer before reusing.
ProductInternal cooking temperature (°F)
Poultry (chicken, turkey)165
Ground Meat (beef, pork, veal, lamb)160
Steaks, Roasts, Chops (beef, pork, veal, lamb)145
Fish145
Shellfish145
Ham (raw)145
Eggs160
Leftovers165
Casseroles165
Hot Dogs, Luncheon Meats (precooked)140
Fruits and Vegetables (that will be hot-held)135
Fresh, Frozen or Canned Vegetables135
Rice, Beans, Pasta, Grains135
Stuffed Meat, Poultry, Fish165
Stuffed Pasta (like ravioli)165
Pizza155
Pork145
Game Animals165
Tofu, Other Soy-Protein Products155
Ratatouille, Mixed Vegetables135
Soups, Stews, Gravy165

🔪 Cross-Contamination Prevention

  1. Designate separate cutting boards, utensils, and surfaces for raw and cooked foods.
  2. Adopt a color-coded system for cutting boards and utensils.
ColorUse
Redraw meat
Blueraw seafood
Greenfresh fruits and vegetables
Yellowpoultry
Browncooked meats
Whitedairy and bakery items
  1. Always clean and sanitize them between uses, especially when switching from raw to cooked foods.
  2. Wash hands thoroughly with soap and warm water for at least 20 seconds before and after handling different types of foods.

🧼 Utensil and Surface Sanitization

  1. Prepare a sanitizing solution following the manufacturer's instructions or local health department guidelines.
  2. Submerge or spray utensils and cutting boards in the sanitizing solution.
  3. Wipe down surfaces with the sanitizing solution and allow them to air dry.
  4. Ensure staff are trained on sanitization procedures and the importance of regular sanitization.

🌨️ Thawing Food Safely

  1. Plan ahead and thaw food in the refrigerator, allowing 24 hours per 5 pounds of food.
  2. For quicker thawing, submerge food in a sealed plastic bag in cold water, changing the water every 30 minutes.
  3. For immediate thawing, use the microwave but cook the food immediately after.
  4. Never thaw food on the countertop as it can encourage bacterial growth.

🚫 Allergen Awareness

  1. Identify common allergens in your ingredients: peanuts, tree nuts, milk, eggs, fish, shellfish, soy, and wheat.
  2. Label allergen-containing ingredients clearly and store them separately from other foods.
  3. Train staff on allergen awareness, including how to handle and prepare allergen-containing foods safely.
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